DHA (as Docosahexenoic Acid from Algae)
Overview:
DHA is a structural omega-3 fatty acid with neuroprotective and nootropic effects. DHA has been shown to improve executive function, memory and learning..
Scientific Name:
Docosahexaenoic acid extracted from algae
Mechanisms:
- DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain – main structural component of the neuronal cell membrane[1]
- Modulates the levels of dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline in the brain and downregulates the HPA axis [1,2]
- DHA modulates the transport of choline, glycine, and taurine, the function of some potassium channels, and the function of rhodopsin in synaptic vesicles[3]
- Decreases neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress[4]
- Decreases the production of proinflammatory molecules and increases the levels of anti-inflammatory molecules and neuroprotectins[5]
- Slows the rate of telomere shortening – chromosomic marker of aging[5]
- Increased protection from neurodegeneration and decreased age-related memory loss[5]
REFERENCES
[1] Lauritzen L, et al (2001). The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Prog Lipid Res, 40(1-2):1-94. doi: 10.1016/S0163-7827(00)00017-5
[2] Jiang LH, et al (2012). Pure docosahexaenoic acid can improve depression behaviors and affect HPA axis in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 16(13):1765-73. PMID: 23208960
[3] Spector AA (1999). Essentiality of fatty acids. Lipids, 34 Suppl:S1-3. doi: 10.1007/BF02562220
[4] North JA, et al (1994). Cell fatty acid composition affects free radical formation during lipid peroxidation. Am J Physiol, 267(1 Pt 1):C177-88. PMID: 8048478
[5] Bazan NG, et al (2011). Docosahexaenoic acid signalolipidomics in nutrition: significance in aging, neuroinflammation, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Nutr, 31:321-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104635